Forklift trucks are classified by OSHA into seven distinct classes based on fuel type, design, and application. Understanding these classifications is essential for selecting the right equipment for your operation.
The 7 Forklift Classes
Class Name Key Features Common Examples
Class I Electric Motor Rider Trucks Zero emissions, quiet operation, battery serves as counterweight 3-wheel and 4-wheel counterbalance forklifts, sit-down and stand-up riders
Class II Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks Designed for tight spaces and high-density storage Reach trucks, order pickers, turret trucks, side loaders
Class III Electric Motor Hand Trucks Walk-behind or rider models, low-lift applications Pallet jacks, walkie stackers, tow tractors
Class IV Internal Combustion Trucks (Cushion Tires) LPG/diesel/gasoline engines, solid tires for smooth indoor floors Counterbalance forklifts with cushion tires
Class V Internal Combustion Trucks (Pneumatic Tires) Air-filled tires for indoor/outdoor use, better traction on uneven surfaces Counterbalance forklifts with pneumatic tires
Class VI Electric & IC Engine Tractors Designed for towing rather than lifting Tow tractors, tuggers (airports, assembly lines)
Class VII Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks Large pneumatic tires, 4WD, for outdoor uneven terrain Telescoping boom forklifts, truck-mounted forklifts
Common Forklift Types by Function
Beyond the OSHA classes, forklifts are often referred to by their specific type and function:
Type Description
Counterbalance Forklift Most common type; uses a rear counterweight to balance the load at the front
Reach Truck Forks extend forward; ideal for narrow aisles and high stacking
Order Picker Operator elevates with the forks; used for picking individual items from high racks
Pallet Jack Manual or electric; moves pallets horizontally over short distances
Telehandler (Boom Forklift) Telescoping boom for extended reach; Class VII rough terrain
The bottom line: OSHA classifies forklifts into seven classes based on power source, tire type, and application. Class I–III are electric; Class IV–V are internal combustion; Class VI is for towing; and Class VII is for rough terrain. Choosing the right class depends on your operating environment, load requirements, and facility layout.